Malaysian Financial Reporting Standard 116 Essay

Malaysian Financial Reporting Standard 116 Property, Plant and Equipment This form incorporates alterations coming about because of MFRSs with successful dates no later than 1 January 2012. Corrections with a successful date later than 1 January 2012 MFRS 116 has been altered by MFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement*. As those alterations have a powerful date after 1 January 2012 they are excluded from this version. * viable date 1 January 2013 559 MFRS 116 Substance sections Preface INTRODUCTION IN1â€IN15 MALAYSIAN FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD 116 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT OBJECTIVE SCOPE DEFINITIONS RECOGNITION Initial costs Subsequent costs MEASUREMENT AT RECOGNITION Elements of cost Measurement of cost MEASUREMENT AFTER RECOGNITION Cost model Revaluation model Depreciation Depreciable sum and devaluation period Depreciation technique Impairment Compensation for weakness DERECOGNITION DISCLOSURE TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS EFFECTIVE DATE WITHDRAWAL OF OTHER PRONOUNCEMENTS 1 2â€5 6 7â€14 11 12â€14 15â€28 16â€22 23â€28 29â€66 30 31â€42 43â€62 50â€59 60â€62 63 65â€66 67â€72 73â€79 80 81â€81E 82â€83 560  © IFRS Foundation MFRS 116 Malaysian Financial Reporting Standard 116 Property, Plant and Equipment (MFRS 116) is set out in sections 1â€83. All the passages have equivalent power. MFRS 116 ought to be perused with regards to its goal and the Basis for Conclusions, the Foreword to Financial Reporting Standards and the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. MFRS 108 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors gives a premise to choosing and applying bookkeeping approaches without express direction.  © IFRS Foundation 561 MFRS 116 Prelude The Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) is executing its approach of assembly through receiving International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as gave by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) for application for yearly periods starting on or after 1 January 2012. The IASB characterizes IFRSs as containing: (an) International Financial Reporting Standards; (b) International Accounting Standards; (c) IFRIC Interpretations; and (d) SIC Interpretations. Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRSs) equal to IFRSs that apply to any revealing period starting on or after 1 January 2012 are: (a) Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards; and (b) IC Interpretations. First-time use of MFRSs proportionate to IFRSs Application of this Standard will start in the first-run through adopter’s * first yearly announcing period starting on or after 1 January 2012 in the contextâ of receiving MFRSs equal to IFRSs. For this situation, the prerequisites of MFRS 1 First-time Adoption of Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards must be watched. Use of MFRS 1 is essential as in any case such budget reports won't have the option to attest consistence with IFRS. MFRS 1, what might be compared to IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, requires earlier period data, introduced as similar data, to be repeated as though the prerequisites of MFRSs viable for yearly period starting on or after 1 January 2012 have consistently been applied, with the exception of when it (1) denies review application in certain viewpoints or (2) permits the first-run through adopter to utilize at least one of the exclusion s or special cases contained in that. This implies, in setting up its first MFRS budgetary statements* for a monetary period starting on or after 1 January 2012, the first-run through adopter will allude to the arrangements contained in MFRS 1 on issues identifying with progress and viable dates rather than the transitional arrangement and compelling date contained in the separate MFRSs. This varies from past necessities where a substance represented changes of bookkeeping strategies as per the particular transitional arrangements contained in the separate Financial Reporting Standards (FRSs) or as per FRS 108 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors when the FRS did exclude explicit transitional arrangements. * Addendum An of MFRS 1 characterizes first-time adopter and first MFRS fiscal reports. 562 MFRS 116 in such manner the powerful and issuance dates contained in this Standard are those of the IASB’s and are inapplicable in the new MFRS structure since MFRS 1 prerequisites will be applied on 1 January 2012. Examination and consistence with IAS 16 MFRS 116 is proportionate to IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment as gave and altered by the IASB, including the successful and issuance dates. Elements that agree to MFRS 116 willâ simultaneously be in consistence with IAS 16. 563 MFRS 116 Presentation IN1 International Accounting Standard 16 Property, Plant and Equipment (IAS 16) replaces IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment (changed in 1998), and ought to be applied for yearly periods starting on or after 1 January 2005. Prior application is energized. The Standard likewise replaces the accompanying Interpretations: ï‚ · SIC-6 Costs of Modifying Existing Software SIC-14 Property, Plant and Equipmentâ€Compensation for the Impairment or Loss of Items SIC-23 Property, Plant and Equipmentâ€Major Inspection or Overhaul Costs. IASB’s purposes behind updating IAS 16 IN2 The International Accounting Standards Board built up this amended IAS 16 as a component of its venture on Improvements to International Accounting Standards. The task was embraced in the light of questions and reactions brought up corresponding to the Standards by protections controllers, proficient bookkeepers and other invested individuals. The destinations of the venture were to diminish or take out other options, redundancies and clashes inside the Standards, to manage some combination issues and to make different upgrades. For IAS 16 the IASB’s principle objective was a restricted modification to give extra direction and explanation on chose matters. The IASB didn't reexamine the principal way to deal with the representing property, plant and gear contained in IAS 16. IN3 The fundamental changes of IAS 16 IN4 The primary changes from the past adaptation of IAS 16 are depicted beneath. Extension IN5 This Standard explains that an element is required to apply the standards of this Standard to things of property, plant and gear used to create or keep up (an) organic resources and (b) mineral rights and mineral saves, for example, oil, petroleum gas and comparative non-regenerative assets. Acknowledgment: resulting costs IN6 An element assesses under the general acknowledgment standard all property, plant and hardware costs at the time they are brought about. Those expenses incorporate expenses brought about at first to get or build a thing of property, plant and gear and expenses caused hence to add to, supplant some portion of, or administration a thing. The past variant of IAS 16 contained two acknowledgment standards. An element applied the second acknowledgment rule to ensuing expenses.  © 564 IFRS Foundation MFRS 116 Estimation at acknowledgment: resource disassembly, evacuation and rebuilding costs IN7 The expense of a thing of property, plant and gear incorporates the expenses of its disassembly, expulsion or reclamation, the commitment for which a substance causes as a result of introducing the thing. Its expense likewise incorporates the expenses of its disassembly, evacuation or reclamation, the commitment for which an element brings about as an outcome of utilizing the thing during a specific period for purposes other than to create inventories during that period. The past rendition of IAS 16 included inside its extension just the expenses acquired as a result of introducing the thing. Estimation at acknowledgment: resource trade exchanges IN8 An element is required to quantify a thing of property, plant and hardware procured in return for a non-financial resource or resources, or a mix of money related and non-fiscal resources, at reasonable worth except if the exchangeâ transaction needs business substance. Under the past rendition of IAS 16, a substance estimated such an obtained resource at reasonable worth except if the traded resources were comparative. Estimation after acknowledgment: revaluation model IN9 If reasonable worth can be estimated dependably, a substance may convey all things of property, plant and gear of a class at a revalued sum, which is the reasonable estimation of the things at the date of the revaluation less any resulting aggregated devaluation and collected hindrance misfortunes. Under the past rendition of IAS 16, utilization of revalued sums didn't rely upon whether reasonable qualities were dependably quantifiable. Deterioration: unit of measure IN10 A substance is required to decide the deterioration charge independently for each huge piece of a thing of property, plant and hardware. The past adaptation of IAS 16 didn't as plainly set out this prerequisite. Devaluation: depreciable amount IN11 A substance is required to quantify the leftover estimation of a thing of property, plant and hardware as the sum it gauges it would get at present for the benefit if the advantage were at that point of the age and in the condition expected toward the finish of its helpful life. The past adaptation of IAS 16 didn't indicate whether the lingering esteem was to be this sum or the sum, comprehensive of the impacts of expansion, that an element expected to get later on the asset’s genuine retirement date. Deterioration: devaluation period IN12 A substance is required to start deteriorating a thing of property, plant and hardware when it is accessible for use and to keep devaluing it until it  © IFRS Foundation 565 MFRS 116 is derecognised, regardless of whether during that period the thing is inactive. The past form of IAS 16 didn't indicate when devaluation of a thing started and determined

Enlightening Infirmity free essay sample

My body is a vessel for a common war. Flooding in from shrouded compartments, an unexpected assault is propelled on the most tireless and guiltless of cells. The revolutionaries were made in this â€Å"country,† yet an obscure factor has brought about their absence of devotion towards their country. Their severity can be seen in the plundering of various locales and the consumption of any wellspring of confidence. The vessel is constrained by a feeling of vulnerability and uneasiness, as these arbitrary fights have gotten famous yet erratic. All things considered, the country pushes ahead to achieve the staples of any self-regarding land, yet the land rather fills in as a danger to the blameless, not the asylum that the blessed can depend upon. This fight started seven years prior with my determination of Addison’s illness and Hypothyroidism, as my insusceptible framework assaulted my thyroid and adrenal organs. After two years I was shelled with extraordinary agony, and later the unimportant conclusion of Fibromyalgia. We will compose a custom exposition test on Illuminating Infirmity or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As I ponder the noticeable minutes in this turbulent excursion, my brain floods with an expanse of recollections. I think about a horde of specialists amassing outside my emergency clinic space to take a gander at the â€Å"spectacle† that was me. I consider delaying after each two steps and my mom conveying me into to the doctor’s office at ten years old since I essentially didn't have the solidarity to proceed. I see my mom attempting to shroud her crying as the specialists communicated their disarray. I hear the doctor’s difficult words, inquiring as to whether my indications were manufactured in a pitiful exertion to avoid school. I feel the salty tears stream down my face as I understood that I will carry on with my life in a component of detachment that accompanies having the analyses of one out of many. For as long as seven years my battling body has demonstrated the foe of my desires and commonality, yet in addition the advocate of my flexibility and uniq ueness. I have as of late found that my loved ones will never completely comprehend my physical and mental changes. They can't understand how I can keep up a fun loving character when I am in that much torment. This dismal actuality isn't situated in their absence of exertion, but instead their inadequacy to see my difficulties through the channels of delayed past limbo. Albeit testing, my conditions have made a trust in my latent capacity, as I think back on what I have confronted and survived. I have created assurance and tirelessness, persistently consoling myself that I can achieve as much as somebody without my challengesâ€that these sicknesses won't influence my future. They have changed me into an increasingly compassionate individual who can identify with the torment in others and somebody who has a more profound thankfulness for the idea of life. At long last, my ailments have even permitted me to build up my objective of a profession in medication, helping other debilit ated youngsters. In spite of the fact that there have been times that I have asked â€Å"Why me?†, they are uncommon on the grounds that even in circumstances where I am scarcely versatile or having unfriendly responses to prescriptions I perceive that my achievements despite these difficulties will characterize me as an individual. Through these snags I have gathered understanding into myself and who I am as an individualâ€valuable information that numerous others my age haven’t had the advantage of finding. I can stretch out into the world with the security of psyche that no bodyâ€even my ownâ€can hold up traffic of my future.

Sal Khan, Gabriel Abrantes, and the Man in the Shiny Red Satan Suit

Sal Khan, Gabriel Abrantes, and the Man in the Shiny Red Satan Suit 2:50 PM, Wednesday, May 8 I am in a café on Mass Ave, waiting for a roast chicken-mashed avocado-jicama sandwich and talking to my sister on the phone. A tall, tattooed man walks in wearing a skintight red devil suit and horns. He stands around for a few seconds, looking like he might order something, then walks up to the man working the register, throws his arms in the air, and yells: Im SATAN! The man at the register looks up, smiles, and says Satan! Ive been waiting for you! Ive been looking all over for you, kid! booms Satan. Lets get you back to hell! Hell?! says the man. But, Satan! I thought I was already in hell. I thought Id been there all along, working at this godforsaken JOB! The manager has sidled up to the counter and is standing behind his employee, smiling very uncomfortably and waiting for the scene to play out. The man from behind the register climbs onto Satans shoulders, shouts I QUIT! , and piggybacks out at a sprint. Order up for Tasha? calls an uncertain coworker. By the time I grab my sandwich and get to the door, both men are out of sight, and I am laughing in the street. I make it back to campus just in time to hear Sal Khan tell his story to President Reif in Kresge. Ive been looking forward to this all week. If you cant spare an hour to watch the interview here, have a look at these lovely faces: Pri and Mira, 16, with the creator of Khan Academy. Khan talks about how he started out, what he thinks of MIT, and why Khan Academy works so well. The key to the success of his early videos, he says, is the humanity: remember, he was making them for his neice, not for Bill Gates kids. The human element, the aim for connection over professionalism, was the necessary component. Also key, Khan says, is to enjoy the subject matter. Before each video, after striving to understand the material intuitively, at a deep level, and exploring the concept visually, Khan makes himself smile. Force yourself to smile he says, force yourself to laughthat energy will carry over into the teaching. Here are the best things I hear: On MITs responsibility to lead educational innovation: Everyone wants to wear the jeans that Jennifer Lopez wears. Were the celebrity role model everyone wants to emulate. This is a hit with the audience. On choosing to make Khan Academy non-profit: Whats a home run in the for-profit world? You get acquired or go IPO. A home-run as a non-profit thats something epic, really cool. On working as a hedge fund analyst: At 2 PM on the West Coast, my boss would say, Its not about working hard, its about working smart. Go home and have a life. If not for that, thered be no Khan Academy. And, my favorite, on creativity. Everyone here is a creator. I cringe when someone says Im not good at engineering; Im creative. There is nothing more fundamentally creative than engineering. By definition, you are making something that wasnt there before. What is important is not your GPA, not your credentials. Its what you make. Its about going and building things. When you walk out [of MIT], the most important part of your experienceand this is already the case, but I dont know that most people realize itwill be what youve made. **** I borrow a friends camera and walk over to the Media Lab. Today is the opening reception for the spring exhibits in the List Visual Arts Center; filmmaker Gabriel Abrantes is giving a talk.   It is beautiful. It makes me want to learn about film, politics, the global economy, colonialism, liberty, art, and Angola. I am not sure is theres a major for this. If there were a Ph. D. in learning everything, I would do that, said Sal Khan. Now the curator of the List is talking about cross-pollination in art and media. Reduce painting to its constituent elements, he says, and it begins to resemble sculpture. Break down sculpture, and it starts to look cinematic. This reminds me of something someone said last semester. Physics is basically applied math, and chemistry is pretty much applied physics. Biology is applied chemistry. Applied biology is the humanities? Its a stretch. I enjoy the reception. I feel like a grown-up.

Juvenile Delinquency The Basis Of Public Fear - 2219 Words

This essay will look at the way in which juvenile delinquency came into existence and became the basis of public fear. It will look at the way the concept of ‘childhood’ was developed and the way in which laws brought juvenile delinquency in to the media’s concern. In order to understand the way in which juvenile delinquency was legislated we need to understand the basis of juvenile delinquency which starts from the process of ‘childhood’. This concept of childhood was not in existence before the 17th century, there was also no concept of youth and adulthood, and therefore there was no social problem of ‘youth’s’. The perception that there was no concept of childhood was first introduced by the French scholar PHILIPPE ARIÈS in his†¦show more content†¦(Fionda, 2005) At this period, children were being exploited through tough child labour. The children were treated as miniature adults, they played a crucial role within the industrialization. However, there was no clear boundary between adulthood and childhood, in the pre-industrial period societies children worked together with adults in everyday life, they did not live in an isolated world or behave in a different way and were not treated to different understanding of morality. (Muncie, 2009, p.48).The way children lived in this era was no different in the way that adult life was lived, they were involved in drinking alcohol, physical – intensive working, gambling. In which today’s postmodern society would define as unsuitable and illegal way of living for children, In order to maintain their ‘innocence’ and morality’ (Empey, 1982, p.33). Late 18th century the concept of childhood was viewed as the loss of innocence and the attainment of adult abilities for evil actions and behaviour, therefore there was a need to protect the innocence of children. Hendricks identified this as the ‘Romantic Child’. Furthermore, there was a development of welfare approach and child welfare reform, which felt the need to protect children against the immorality of the world. The 1833 Factory Acts restricted that no child below the age of 9 was to be active in brutal working environments, children’s working hours cut down rapidly to ensure there they

The United States Education System - 951 Words

Every year, American teachers discover that the youth have a 5D relationship with their schools: dissatisfied, disengaged, disaffected, disrespectful, and disruptive. In this prolific source of educational substances, the paucity of satisfaction of the students and the predilections of the teachers militate in some measure against a just valuation being accorded to such researches. â€Å"Policy makers remain oblivious to the fact that ‘kids are not what they used to be,’† and in order to re-engage the young, serious research on everyday education needs to be expressed (p. 33). The U.S. education system needs to understand that ambiguity exists, and a rapid cycle of policy changes will stagnate their efforts to achieving cultural globalization. Often times, U.S. teachers try to blame the media for the faults of youth today, but they lack the understanding that their â€Å"tightly scripted systems of management, measurement, and marketing† push those same kids to seek liveliness elsewhere (p. 32). This cultural shift signifies a de-differentiation in which an effacement of the adult-child hierarchies puts more pressure on authority figures to continue trying to bend everyone into a common measure (p. 35). In Finland, however, they want everyone to be successful despite the market dogmas of society, and one way they do so is sanctioning academic and vocational schooling. This gives students a choice between two equitable options of education instead of forcing them down a one-wayShow MoreRelatedThe Education System Of The United States829 Words   |  4 PagesRecent surveys and articles state that Over 30% of kids in the United States never finish high school. For minority kids, it s over 50%.1. The public education s ystem in the United States seems to be failing to meet the needs of the children and thus affecting their future outcomes. The average quality of education in Elementary, Middle and High school that a child deserves, is far from superior. Given the growing competition in the world it is imperative to provide a solid educational foundationRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States1090 Words   |  5 Pages The education system in the United States is a problem. One problem is that many of the students attending school today live in poverty. Another problem with the education system is that the curriculums are not being altered to the skills needed in the world today. Furthermore, students are not allowed to use their individual learning styles in the classroom. The education system today has many flaws that are not being fixed. Many students in the education system are living in poverty. 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Students in our nation have a choice whether or not to attend prestigious higher-level institutions in order to educate themselves and prepare themselves for the job market. The U.S. has an outstanding reputation of educating students as well as ma king education available to everyone in the country. Whether it beRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States971 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent classes in the United States. As much as we want to believe that we live in an equal country, in reality we far from it. There are people barely hanging on to be able to eat enough and to find a place to sleep with other people on the other end of the spectrum who own multiple homes and waste enough food to feed many of the families on the opposite end of the spectrum. The thing that all of the classes have in common is the push for education and higher education specifically. There is aRead MoreThe United States Education System1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States education system is currently ranked 17th worldwide (â€Å"Global Grade†). According to the dictionary, education is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing o neself or others intellectually for mature life. In a survey conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, adults in the United States scored way below average, and better than only two of the twelve countriesRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States1174 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding the importance of education is like understanding life. They go directly hand and hand, because learning is apart of the daily life of a child, and is extremely essential in a child’s development. Children are introduced to the education system for the purpose to learn and thrive in todays society. The education system is used to set a model for children to become successful adults for American society to prosper. Rarely, do we think about school conditions and the stress pushed uponRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose of Education As a developed nation, the United States owes its success to the education system that has evolved with our nation. While at times conflict consumes our nation, tragedy occurs, and hardships arise we can rest assured that our elected officials and citizens are making intelligent decisions that uphold our values, rights, and liberty. These leaders have been elected to operate our democratic society which is propelled forward by education. Education serves as the single most importantRead MoreEducation System Of The United States1495 Words   |  6 Pages Equalizing education in the Nation The United States education system is ranked lower and lower every year. 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Behavioral Management in the Developmentally Disabled Free Essays

This paper will dwell on the behavioral management for the developmentally challenged individual. This paper seeks to provide a general understanding on how the on how clients with developmental disabilities are improve with regard to their conditions. Therefore, the following will be discussed: †¢ The process of Occupational Therapist in modifying behavioral development of disabled person; †¢ Techniques employed to assist the developmentally challenged individual; †¢ Way used by the Occupational Therapist to help a disabled individual write; and †¢ Identify the techniques and tools used by the Occupational Therapist in behavioral management for developmentally challenged individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Management in the Developmentally Disabled or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, this paper will focus in two developmental disabilities that exist today in the society. More specifically these are autism and dyslexia. Functions of Occupational Therapist There are four functions of occupational therapists. First, they are ask to put into application the knowledge, skills and abilities they have acquired in their years of training in the academe for the benefit of enabling people to live normal lives and immerse themselves with the daily tasks (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). Second, is to assist, maintain, regain and enhance the independence of an individual who is ill, injured, disabled and psychologically impaired (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). Third, engage the relatives of the client and other people who are connected such as the caregiver (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). This can be achieved through comprehensive assessment and therapy with the goal of increasing the capacity of client to participate in daily activities (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). Lastly, to accordingly deal with the problems of the client by focusing on three things: ability to accomplish, undertakings of the client and the environment where the undertakings are performed (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). Meaning of Autism Autism, also classified as classical Autism is considered as the most prevalent condition amongst the family of Autism Spectrum Disorder or better known as ASD (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2006). One can discern Autism through the following symptoms: a) â€Å"impaired social interaction,† b) â€Å"problems with verbal and nonverbal communication,† and c) â€Å"unusual, repetitive, or severely limited activities and interests† (NINDS, 2006). In addition to this, the cluster of Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD includes other conditions. These are – a) â€Å"Asperger syndrome,† b) â€Å"Rett syndrome,† c) â€Å"childhood disintegrative disorder,† and d) â€Å"pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (usually referred to as PDD-NOS)† (NINDS, 2006). Statistics shows that in every 1000 children three to six will be affected by autism (NINDS, 2006) Furthermore, Men are four times more prone or at risk of acquiring such behavioral disorder like autism than women. (NINDS, 2006) Meaning of Dyslexia Dyslexia, pronounced as dis-lek-see-uh is a type of learning disorder that some of the children encounter that impairs their ability to read and spell (â€Å"Dyslexia,† n. d. ). What may seem C-A-T to normal people would appear A-C-T to dyslexic individuals. It is not a measure of whether a child is intelligent or not but is rather an impairment of the brain (â€Å"Dyslexia,† n. d. ). In fact, a number clever and gifted people are suffering from dyslexia (â€Å"Dyslexia,† n. d. ). In the United States, the condition is classified as a â€Å"specific learning disability† or as a â€Å"specific reading disability† by the related federal legal statutes that has special education in its scope (Allington, 2006) However, the main idea of all these explanations comprises the indeterminable hardships encountered by a dyslexic individual when it comes to reading. Moreover, there is no consensus with regard to the definition of the illness that causes the stakeholders confusion that renders them not to use the term (Allington, 2006). Behavioral Management and Techniques in Autism There are three behavioral management and techniques used by the occupational Therapist in able to develop and assist their clients that are suffering from Autism. These are all aimed at a holistic approach to treating the symptoms and addressing the difficulties that come with it. The three techniques are discussed in the next section. Educational/behavioral interventions Occupational Therapists use well reliable and thorough skill-oriented exercises in able to help their client enhance their language and social capabilities. Counseling the relatives and the family of the their client is better a technique to assist the entire clan deal with the specific obstacles and difficulties in taking care of the autistic client (NINDS, 2006). Medications Occupational therapist could as well seek for the help of a doctor. A medical doctor usually recommends an antidepressant prescription in able to deal with the symptoms of a) â€Å"anxiety,† b) â€Å"depression,† or â€Å"obsessive-compulsive disorder† (NINDS, 2006). In a sense, these Anti-psychotic medicines are helpful to lessen the burden brought about by the symptoms of behavioral disabilities (NINDS, 2006). Attacks, on the other hand, can be prevented with the administration of variety of doses anticonvulsant medicines (NINDS, 2006). Prescription of stimulant drug that is specifically given for the children suffering from the attention deficit disorder or better known as ADD is an effective technique used by the Occupational Therapists to cut down the incident impulsivity and hyperactivity (NINDS, 2006). Other therapies Controversies abound the therapies that are formulated to treat autistic children (NINDS, 2006). This has made the use such be attached with caution before these are adopted by the parents or guardians (NINDS, 2006). Furthermore, an insignificant number of these are backed up with thorough scientific research (NINDS, 2006). Writing for the developmentally disabled individual Therapeutic Sessions for autism With the aim of teaching the developmentally challenged person it is important to have focus and patience together with appropriate learning strategies that will help the disabled individual in writing and learning process. Likewise, it is necessary to conduct follow up sessions with the therapist and at home with the help of the parents and other relatives. Behavioral Management and Techniques in Dyslexia According to website article, a recent game was developed with the purpose of helping children and other individuals cope with the difficulty they suffer from reading (Briggs, 2001). In the study, a group of seven-year-old children served as the respondents of the study and this resulted to a positive outcome for the research on reading difficulties (Briggs, 2001). The game included activities that require the respondents to match certain shapes to particular sounds (Briggs, 2001). They are asked to press a space bar after a series of sequences and then they will be greeted with a smile (Briggs, 2001). This resulted in higher rates of accuracy and an increase in the speed of reading for the 24 children who are diagnosed to have dyslexia (Briggs, 2001). Conclusion The role of the occupational therapist is a four-fold task. This is aimed towards uplifting the condition of the client. It is the aim of the occupational therapist is to be able to address the needs of the client and the chance to fulfill their responsibilities. There are different ways by which the therapist could help the clients in making their lives better through these techniques. It has become a better way of making people live a fulfilling life. These are different techniques of writing such as video games. References A Definition of Occupational Therapy. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://steinhardt. nyu. edu/ot/definition Allington, R. (2006). â€Å"Dyslexia. † In Microsoft ® Student 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. Briggs, H. (2001). Computer game helps dyslexics. Retrieved July 05, 2008, from http://www. dyslexia-teacher. com/t113. html. Dyslexia. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://kidshealth. org/kid/health_problems/learning_problem/dyslexia. html National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS]. (2006). Autism Fact Sheet. Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://www. ninds. nih. gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism. htm How to cite Behavioral Management in the Developmentally Disabled, Essays

Smoking Ban Essay Example

Smoking Ban Essay Government regulation for smoking can be vindicated in most ways. Smoking is linked with market failures such as negative externalities and flawed information among market participants, and these failures provide one basis for government intervention. Another is the huge health care cost linked with the health consequences of smoking. The cost of medical treatment for smokers and second-hand smokers drives up health insurance premiums for everyone, despite smoking participation; in addition, many of these expenses are paid from public funds.Cigarette smoking may be hazardous to your health (Public Law 89-92, 15, USC)For anti smoking forces, the requisite that cigarette maker comprises a warning on the packages of their product was the opening barrage in their campaign against cigarette smoking. The underlying principal behind this warning label was only to remind cigarette smokers constantly that cigarette smoking was dangerous and therefore the cigarette smokers have to consider giv ing up the habit.Although the warning obligation was considered exceptionally mild, another benefit, at least from the viewpoint of the anti smoking groups, was that the government had finally consigned itself to an official position on the hazard of smoking. The issue had been brought to the congressional agenda and a victory had been won. For the first time, the tobacco lobby had been defeated. The enduring effect of this victory was to legitimize the smoking and health issue as an object for dynamic public policy experimentation and public debate.Basically, the use of public smoking bans as a measure to put off cigarette smoking is a recent phenomenon. Initially, these public smoking laws were passed to lessen the annoyance or nuisance of cigarette smoke for nonsmokers. Such restrictions normally regulate smoking in locations such as restaurants, retail stores, and at times the workplace.In 1998, the government set a target to reduce the proportion of the adult population that sm okes from 28 per cent to 24 per cent by 2010 with a fall to 26 per cent by the year 2005.   The government also aims to reduce the proportion of pregnant women who smoke from 23 per cent to 15 per cent by 2010(Smoking Kills, Tobacco White Paper, December 1998)The support for smoking restrictions has been increasing since 1996. The percentage in favor of restrictions at work rose from 81 per cent in 1996 to 86 per cent in 2002, in restaurants, from 85 per cent to 88 per cent, in pubs, from 48 per cent to 54 per cent, and in other public places (such as banks, post offices etc.) from 82 per cent to 87 per cent (Office for National Statistics, Smoking Related Behavior and Attitudes 2002)In 2003, 50 per cent of workplaces were completely smoke-free, and 88 per cent had some form of smoking restriction in place (Source: Public Health White Paper 2004)An estimated 1,000 people die every year as a result of passive smoking (BMA, The human cost of tobacco, November 2004)Children who are regularly exposed to second hand smoke face up to treble the risk of developing lung cancer as adultsFormer smokers face twice the risk of developing respiratory conditions as a result of passive smoking than those who have never smoked (British Medical Journal paper, based on research carried out at Imperial College, January 2005)http://www.politics.co.uk/issues/smoking-in-public-places-$1996391.htmVotes on the Health Bill, and its provisions to ban smoking in workplaces, Liberal Democrat Shadow Health Secretary Steve Webb MP said:The Governments approach to a smoking ban has been farcical. It has admitted that its exemptions have nothing to do with improving health.The public will witness a Government in disarray as Cabinet Ministers and backbenchers divide and vote in both lobbies.I will be voting for a complete ban on smoking in workplaces, as a clear commitment to protect the health of all workers.http://www.libdems.org.uk/news/government-in-disarray-over-smoking-ban.htmlEffort s at tobacco control have focused stratagems to lessen the toll of smoking that is averting the initiation of smoking by children, reducing nonsmokers instinctive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and supporting adults who smoke to stop. The first of these is essential to evade future smoking-produced illness in the youngest generation and to break the apparently endless cycle of childhood addiction tracked by premature adult death. The following is also essential to protect the innocent, nonsmoking victims of ETS. The last is crucial to lessen the near-future damage on smoking adults caught in the cycle of addiction and disease decades ago.Overall, tobacco control policy has focused on the first two objectives, with comparatively little policy directed at adult cessation, at least little overtly identified as motivated, even in part, by the objective of supporting adults to quit smoking.Because of these facts, concern in expanding access to smoking cessation services a nd in exploring nontraditional means of reducing smokers risks has proliferated in current years. Armed with effectual new pharmaceuticals, members of the smoking ending community, physicians, nurses, psychologists, and other professionals who work with smokers needing to quit show a revitalized optimism that they can and should make a divergence in the disease burden of smoking. At the similar time, cessation professionals know that even the most effectual treatments succeed with only a minority of patients. They are familiar with, too, that many smokers distinguish barriers to the receipt of treatment (financial and otherwise) and that others are not ready or eager to try to quit, though wanting to lessen their risk of experiencing tobacco-produced disease. As a result, smoking cessation professionals are calling for extended access to services and products, mainly in the form of insurance and health plan coverage of cessation treatment.A detachment of the cessation community is a s well calling for activist consideration of additional means of reducing risk. The most usually mentioned means entail encouraging continuing smokers to lessen the number of cigarettes they devour and urging the development of more consumer attractive nicotine-delivery systems without the tars and carbon monoxide that make cigarettes so treacherous. More contentious are recommendations that smokers must switch to fewer perilous forms of tobacco consumption, such as smokeless tobacco, and that cigarette manufacturers must be encouraged to develop and market authentically fewer hazardous cigarette-like products.Proponents of tobacco control have borrowed the term â€Å"harm reduction† from the debate concerning societys response to elicit drug use.Sean Parnell is among them. According to her â€Å"harm reduction frequently comes up is tobacco use. The discussion largely centers on comparisons between smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco, although issues related to filtere d vs. unfiltered cigarettes and low-tar cigarettes are also about the idea of harm reduction.†Harm reduction concerning illicit drugs is posited as a more caring and pragmatic alternative to the conformist â€Å"just-say-no† approach to dealing with drugs. The just-say-no approach relies greatly on the expectation those law enforcement prohibitions of drugs at the nations borders, arrest and trial of users and sellers can lessen the amount of drug use and its toll. Further, the approach pays positive lip service to the idea that education can avert drug abuse in the next generation.Though, besides many efforts by government, harm a reduction advocate insist that much drug use be unavoidable.The letter, which appears in  The Times (25 September), argues that, To smoke, to associate with smokers, or to operate a venue in which smoking is allowed should all be matters for individual choice. Smoking is legal, and in pubs and clubs it is fanatical smoke-haters who are the minority.Signatories include Bob Geldof, pop mogul Simon Cowell, artist David Hockney, TV presenter Chris Tarrant, playwright Ronald Harwood, publisher Felix Dennis, singer Lisa Stansfield, writer Simon Gray, musician Joe Jackson and restaurateur Antony Worrall Thompson.Jackson, a member of FORESTs Supporters Council, said, If you are going to make smoke illegal, makes it illegal. Otherwise we have a right to smoke and have social places where we can smoke.Antony Worrall Thompson, patron of FOREST, said, Restaurants should have been smoking and no-smoking areas and there should be certain levels of ventilation, extraction and air movement, but there is no justification for a total ban.Simon Clark, director of FOREST, said, We are grateful that so many well-known people have chosen to speak out. It shows how strongly people feel about this issue and we hope others will be encouraged to join them.Clark, who this week had a 30-minute meeting with Health Secretary John Reid, added, We u rge the government not to be bullied by the antics of the anti-smoking lobby that has wildly misrepresented the dangers of passive smoking and is out of touch with the silent majority who want choice not a total ban.http://www.forestonline.org/output/page274.aspIt is also observed that by making prohibiting policies of Government smoking an overall rate is decreased. As Peter Bardsley and Nilss Olekalns in their journal, ‘Cigarette and Tobacco Consumption: Have Anti-Smoking Policies Made a Difference?’ that Tobacco consumption Since that date consumption has fallen by about 60 per cent, the price of tobacco products (including taxes) has increased by 174 per cent, real income has increased by 39 per cent, and the baby boomers have moved through into middle age. Government has increasingly intervened to discourage tobacco consumption.Where as Caroline Daniel in her article Smoke without Fire: The Governments Anti-Tobacco Campaign May Deliver Less Than the Build-Up Sugges ts† that despite of efforts by government, rate is continuously mounting. There are 120,000 such deaths a year. While smoking was in decline for 20 years, falling from 45 per cent of over-16s in 1974 to 26 per cent in 1994, that trend seems to have bottomed out. Worse, smoking is on the increase among young people, in particular among girls, of who one in three aged, 15 smokes.   She asserts that an advertising ban has two great merits: it is popular and it is low-cost.Beyond the advertising ban, the other main focus of the white paper will be underage smoking. About 90 per cent of smokers start smoking before the age of twenty, so it makes sense to get in there early. Nevertheless, experience offers little encouragements that anti-smoking initiatives generally education-based make much an era dent in teenage smoking. Nine in ten pupils already know those smoking kills. So, rather than flog the education message, Labor has floated the idea of raising the age of legal smoki ng from sixteen to eighteen (Caroline Daniel, 1997)Thus, entering of tobacco controls version of harm reduction. Due to understanding of the harmful effects of tobacco, millions of people desire to end their addiction to nicotine but believe they are unable to do so. Nearly three-quarters of the smokers see themselves as would-be quitters, yet hardly three percent succeed in giving up in any given year. Until lately the whole effort to ease addicted smokers has rested on supporting them to quit, severing their ties to nicotine totally. However, this approach denounces millions of them to an early and avoidable grave. Among the alternatives to giving up smoking for those who cannot quit, and for those who do not want to quit but do wish to reduce risk, are reductions on a daily basis consumption of cigarettes and replacement of fewer harmful nicotine delivery systems for cigarettes.Further, more contentious possibilities Comprise substitution of fewer perilous tobacco products for ci garette smoking (e.g., smokeless tobacco or cigarettes modified to be less toxic) and the use of novel cigarette-like products developed by the cigarette manufacturers marketed as reducing risk. Every time, compared with the dangers caused by the unaltered smoking pattern, the alternative holds the prospective of reducing the smokers risk. The idea of encouraging such substitutes to the just-say-no philosophy is itself quite contentious, however.In the framework of the illicit drug debate, harm reduction has obviously come to imply alternatives to the strict law enforcement model of dealing with the suppliers and consumers of drugs. By expansion, harm reduction has been used, slackly, in the tobacco control field to refer to alternatives to quitting, in detection of the just-say-no strategys failure to conquer the giant disease burden resultant from widespread addiction to nicotine.Rationally, however, this implication of harm reduction is improper, or at least incomplete. Evidently , the most successful method to diminish harm is complete abstinence: quitting smoking together. Alternatives such as less exhaustive smoking or substitution of fewer dangerous nicotine-yielding products can as well reduce harm if the smokers had sustained their established smoking behaviors otherwise. Thus, rationally, harm reduction must encompass all means of reducing the risks caused by smoking and nicotine use, both the old standard and the more novel approaches that stop short of whole abstinence.

Clinton v. Jones essays

Clinton v. Jones essays The basic idea that is raised in this case is separation of powers. To be more specific we can ask ourselves one question: Is the president of the United States of America immune to civil cases involving the personal life of the president? The two parties in the case Clinton v. Jones are William Jefferson Clinton and Paula Corbin Jones. William Clinton at the time of the incident was the governor of Arkansas. Paula Jones was an employee of the state of Arkansas. Jones claimed that Governor Clinton had made sexual advances toward her which she rejected. Following the continued rejection of Governor Clinton, Jones was punished by her supervisors. The case first went to District Court. In District Court, Clinton wanted to suspend the case totally on the grounds of Presidential Immunity. The judge declared that the case shall be put on hold until after Clinton finished his term. The case was appealed. At the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, the court agreed with district court but reversed its decision to postpone the case because it would be an unlawful use of Presidential Immunity. The case proceeded to the Supreme Court of the United States of America with one question: Is the president allowed immunity from civil cases in events that occurred before he or she took office? The United States of America during this time was in a state of awe as the Pathfinder landed on Mars, the comet Hale-Bob is seen, the Heavens Gate Massacre occurs, sheep are cloned, Mother Theresa dies, Princess Dianna is killed in a horrible car wreck, Taiwan is returned to China, there is peace in Chechnya, and Pol Pot finally goes on trial. The case came as a surprise to the world as all of these things were happening. The funny thing is that Paula Jones filed the case just before the deadline for filing a civil case was over. Across America, this case led to the investigation of President Clintons personal life by Kennet ...

Where Are The Best Places To Write

Where Are The Best Places To Write A year or so ago, Id written a blog post   on  being purposeful about where we write. In 1997, author David Shenk wrote the book Data Smog: Surviving The Information Glut. He theorized that the explosive growth of information made possible by the Internet was both helping society make forward-progress while simultaneously overwhelming us, the individual. He later revisited his original ideas, and posited that some still held true. In one section of the book, Shenk noted that with the use of computers, our geography of learning has become singular. That is, we read, learn, write, communicate, buy, and sell all from the same geographic place: in front of our computer. He was concerned about how well we would retain information, since our memory and retention of information is often tied to the place and situation in which it was learned. By limiting where and how we learn (in front of a computer, reading/watching a screen), we have the potential to lessen our ability to retain information. The same can be said for the geography of writing. Where we write has an impact on what we write. With that in mind, where do you find the best places to write? Is it possible that where you are writing has an effect on how and what you are writing for your blog? 1. Somewhere Warm Sure, the beach would work, unless youre like me and dont really care for a lot of sun. But lets remove the idea of a geographic location from this one, and think instead that warm isnt a place near the equator, but a temperature. According to a recent study, actual physical warmth makes us more likely to buy products because it effects us positively and makes us transfer positive feelings to the product we are buying. What might that same positive feeling do for your writing? Im from North Dakota. Im familiar with cold and how it can distract with numb fingers and shivering. When its cold, Im mainly interested in finding a way to be warm. This probably explains why I drink several cups of hot herbal tea whenever Im writing. Theres something about holding a warm cup and drinking the warm water. Dont ignore the physical nature that may be affecting your writing. A laptop thats too hot for your lap, an apartment thats too cold, a chair thats too hard, a couch thats too comfythese things affect how we write. We love excuses to stop writing. 2. Anywhere But Here The downfall of the freelancer isnt too much freedom, or the exhausting pursuit of work. It might not even be the tight budget. Its most often that innocuous Wednesday when he snaps because his entire life seems to happen within 30 feet of where he eats and sleeps. In other words, he never leaves his house. That kind of situation may be great for manifesto-writing, but not so great for blog writing, especially if youre an extrovert. Sometimes you need a different set of walls to look at, and different background noises, to jolt your writing into finding a different approach. Dont let your thoughts and input be too inbred. You might need to leave the house once in a while. The sheer need to get out and be around other people and not inside your house and inside your head makes the next location seem pretty tempting. 3. Coffee Shop Coffee Shop This is the big debate: do public locations help or distract when you are writing? J. K. Rowling claims to have written her first Harry Potter novel in her local cafà ©. But youll find that writing in a public place can be pretty loud and disruptive. There are probably just as many people who would tell you to avoid writing in a public place by any means possible. Writing in a public location has its moments, though its probably not the time to write a detailed 2,500 word blog post involving several A/B tests and datasets that you want to communicate clearly. Or, maybe it is. It depends on one thing: how do you handle distraction? I generally prefer silence when I write, and that means no music with words (classical is OK). But I can tune crowd noise out pretty well and sometimes welcome the feeling of having other humans around me even though Im not interacting with them. This is a good antidote for those bloggers and freelancers who work alone in the silence of their home too much. But, if people-watching and eavesdropping tend to win out, you might want to skip the coffee shop, the pub, or the morning commuter train. Dont overestimate your ability to not get distracted by activity around you. 4. The Library Writing at the library is just about unbeatable IMHO. (Unless your local library has become more of a noisy social place than a quite place of study.) A classic old-school library is quiet, but there are other people around so you get that Im with humans buzz. You have a wifi connection available, you have books and magazines for research and reference, and, if your library is hopping on the coffee shop trend, you have easy access to sustenance. When I was working towards my private pilots license, I spent hours and hours at the library, studying and working on my sectionals and FAA test questions. I discovered that it was a phenomenal place to work, with the sound of rustling papers and the smell of ink and books prodding you on to writing something great. Everything about the library seems to beckon you to become part of the great pantheon of writers. Dont ignore the library. It isnt just for kids and checking out books. Its a great place to do real work. And lets not forget: the library is free. You can just go there. You dont have to buy anything. 5. At Your Job If you blog as part of your job, youd probably better find a way to make blogging at your job something that works. This may mean you have a cubicle, an private office, or if youre like me, in an open room of desks with the rest of the team. This also means that I got a nice noise canceling headset because it can be challenging to write about content marketing when the developers are talking about code. Sometimes I take my laptop to one of two couches and do a bit of writing there as well. I like to mix things up and just moving from my standing desk to a couch changes my attitude. For one thing, I stop thinking my feet are tired of standing which has a tendency to make me want to hurry and get this post done. The nice thing about blogging at work is that, such distractions aside, youre working alongside the team that your blog is a part of, too. Their feedback, input–even just their presence–helps you work towards the same goal they are with your writing. 6. Where Twitter Has No Name Chrome extensions like Stay Focused seem a strange concoction, limiting the time we can spend on certain sites during the day. Why would we need an extension to keep us from visiting sites that distract us? Cant we just do that ourselves? The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. I cant tell you how many times Ive been chugging along writing and then my phone beeps and I open a new tab to see if Ive gotten another @mention on Twitter or if theres a new email and andmy thoughts are derailed. It takes a while to get back into what I was writing and recollect where I was headed. Not only is it about wasted time, but sometimes thoughts come in faint wisps that you cant grab onto and youd better write them down before they get away but–beep! You completely forget what you were going to write. Its gone for good. Want to get your writing done? Get away from notifications on your phone and computer.Find a place to write where the Pavlovian beeps of your phone and your computer wont be a problem. Find a way to keep from stumbling into social media sites, RSS readers, and other legitimate content marketing tools you dont need to be using when it comes time to actually write. Have a research time, and collect all your research so youre not tempted to wander about the internet researching when its time to write. Considering writing with pen and paper (or typewriter, in a non-ironic way) to get the first draft done to keep yourself from the distraction of the internet.  Ive started writing with pen and paper for some writing projects just because I stay focused better. My writing output has jumped as Ive moved to starting things out on paper. Dont write where there is a TV handy, unless youre certain you wont turn it on. These are just a few tactics I use to make sure I get my writing done. We each have different distractions, and therefore, different solutions on avoiding those distractions.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Philosophy - Essay Example Donald starts his argument by stating that the human race cannot only have one form of a conceptual scheme and that there are many people involved and different themes for the understanding of the notion. Donald states that religion still exists even in the monotheist people and thus showing an extended description of the conceptual scheme. He goes ahead to state that one idea can be very important in that it can assist in the development of greater ideas that would eventually lead to the rise of new concepts in the field of philosophy (Ludwig 18). David goes ahead to offer the example of the relativity theory as a product of this. In describing the theory, there is the explanation that the theory is an improved version of two different theories made by an early philosopher. The theory is a product of the theory of general relativity and special relativity. This brings about the contemporary version of the theory and thus diversifying the philosophical field of view. Further explanat ion of the concept of conceptual relativity leads to David explaining that there is always an underlying notion of confusion. This from the fact that a theme or a philosophical subject to receive acclamation as a part of a conceptual scheme, from conjoined ideas, there must exist some sort of connection prior to the combination that would show a later source of fusion in explanation. This factor has led to many rules being shunned with the statement that they do not bear the required factors for them to be schemes. David offers an analysis and example in explaining this. This is where he states that the schemes may have diverging viewpoints and thus leading to a difference in language. However, when people with different languages share similar sentiments among other factors that may show their link, they are then termed as having a conceptual scheme. However, he argues that language diversity may offer some sort of misunderstanding in terms of the fact it can bring about vague real ity. Vague reality is the form of illusion that makes the brain misunderstand or incorporate ideas in a manner that it should not. This is due to increased views from a particular language specifically brought about by different backgrounds. This in its sole entity hinders the concept of reality (Davidson 8). The ability to translate a particular language is one major factor that comes into focus when identifying whether conceptual schemes can gain diversity or it is a monotonous concept. The questioning of whether a person with completely different languages that cannot be translated between them lying in a similar manner or to a common language is a major one. The explanation offered for this is diverse among different philosophers but the conclusion made by David that it all falls down to two major notions. The first notion in relation to this theme and problem is understanding whether the lack of translation is complete. In terms of an incomplete translation, the understanding i s that only a few words in a given sentence cannot be understood while the rest of them are clearly grasped by a member of a different language group. This, David states, gains recognition as a diversified factor in terms of conceptual schemes. However, the second notion implies that if a certain language is completely misunderstood and that the member of the

StockTrak Investment Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

StockTrak Investment Strategy - Assignment Example The fund goals operate differently. While a growth fund focuses on specializing in an investment that promises to improve in value with time, income funds chose investments that promise to generate revenue (Fidelity). The growth term is, however, more attractive. The above mentioned is an investment strategy whose ground is based on the prediction that investments that are long-term. Are clinched through avoidance of incurring significant losses while working on accumulating reasonable gains (Weil). Therefore, the fund manager strives to stimulate upside returns and, on the other hand, reduce on downside exposures. Making losses is a significant lead to failure in investments. Therefore, this approach is tailor made to limit any possibilities of investment failures. Investing 57% of the total funds in equity shares and the rest percentage in bonds would be a strategic move. After that, making additional investments of 18 equity shares through purchases and sales of shares for different companies would increase chances of meeting the objective. Purchasing shares is results to a long position while selling them is a short position. Observing the stock trend allows for making analyzed decisions in buying and selling the shares. In case there are higher chances of the lowering in prices, then a short position is more appropriate but if the prices increase, a long position is better. Since the company here is looking into investing in varying business firms, bonds and shares, a top-down approach would be the best. The approach mitigates the associated risks of making losses. In addition, the approach facilitates the analyzing of the best company in which to

The Crucible A.P. Book Report

The Crucible A.P. Book Report The Crucible A.P. Book Report 1. The Crucible 2. Arthur Miller, 1950s 3. America, California 4. John Proctor Honorable and rational, he is the â€Å"leader† of the few sane people of Salem. Although plagued by his affair with Abigail, the biased and foolish leaders of the church, and the underhanded intentions of his fellow neighbors, he still somehow is able to remain in our minds as a respectable man that stood honest until the end. Abigail Williams Masterfully deceitful and envious, she is the main cause of the Salem witch trials. Originally fueled by lust for John Proctor, she is forced to victimize the entire village after weaving too thick a web of deceit about her affair. Judge Danforth Self-Righteous and stiff, Judge Danforth is the towering character that believes in the churchs, and his own, holiness. He judges the Salem trials somewhat sensibly, but his stubbornness in Puritan values blinds him towards the ulterior motives of many Salem inhabitants. Reverend Parris Scornful and pathetic, Parris is a deplorable minister that cares only about his image. He discover Abigail flagrantly disobeying his orders, but tries to keep her deeds secret, in fear for his reputation. Elizabeth Proctor (minor) Wise and forgiving, Elizabeth is a modest woman that has quietly lived with John, even through his affair. Although she doesnt appear joyful or happy, she is never blinded by Salems uproar and easily shines as a moral character through the harsh times. Reverend John Hale (minor) Overconfident but sensible, Reverend John Hale is a character that majorly develops as the novel progresses. He first shows up as a brash reverend ready to fight witchcraft, but develops into a humble and sensible man that realizes the calamity in Salem. He is one of Johns few allies, and is wrecked with guilt after the trials are over. 5. Salem, Massachusetts (Village) John Proctors House: Although located somewhat outside of Salem, it doesnt take long for the craze to reach his house. The mood in the house is dreary and stiff, since an air of mistrust pervades the roms. Hale originally comes here to examine the Proctors family, but comes to believe in Johns cause after the injustice done to Elizabeth. Salem Meeting House: Forbidding and ominous, the meeting house turned courtroom is the center stage for the witch trials. Poorly made walls and simple furniture make up the room, and this creates awkward tension for the reader and the accused. All accused â€Å"witches† are condemned here by Judge Danforth, with Abigail leading her deceitful group. Parriss House: Originally clean and white, this place soon houses the horrible misdeeds of the Salem Witch craze. Betty was originally confined to her bed here with a mild sickness, but certain accusations against her, paired with Titubas confession and Abigails quick plot, turned this house into the spawning point for the witch hunt. 6. In the village of Salem, Betty Parris is stricken with a disease after secretly dancing in the woods with the village girls. The townspeople bring in Reverand Hale, a witch craft expert, and he accuses the leaders of the girls, Abigail and Tituba, of complying with the devil. However, the girls claim they were possessed, and blame random member of the village to reinforce their confession. The Salem Witch hunt officially starts. In a house far outside Salem, John and Elizabeth Proctor converse over marriage issues. Soon after, Hale comes to question the Proctors, but instead learns from John of Abigails deceit and intention. The marshals then arrive, and bring a warrant for Elizabeths arrest on account of being a witch. Though they have little evidence and Hales disapproval, the marshals take her anyways. Proctor, Mary Warren, Giles Corey, and Francis Nurse storm into the court and demand for the release of their wives. Marry Warren, originally part of Abigails group, confesses that everything is a lie. Proctor brings more evidence, claiming that Abigail is a whore that wishes to see his wife dead, and that his wife knew all about the affair. Judge Danforth gives a series of tests to Proctor to confirm this, bringing in Elizabeth to confirm the statement. She denies it to save Proctors dignity and both are jailed, ultimately due for the gallows. The seasons change, and Abigail has run away from Salem. John is given a chance to live by signing a confession, but tears it up when he learns it must be shown to the public and ruin his name. At the end, he is sent to the gallows. 7. Religious Extremism/Intolerance: Although superstition and religious values sparked the ideas of witchcraft around the town, it was intolerance and Puritan extremism that truly set the fire ablaze. Basically, anything against Puritan values was stricken down as devil-worship. Ironically, the only reason the Salem Trials became believable was because of Hales relentless push for a confession between Tibuta and Abagail, and Judge Danforths one-track mind against the proclaimed â€Å"witches.† Accountability and Hidden Agendas: In a culture founded on strict standards and uptight morals, it was inevitable that private transgressions would form. The Crucible documents a time in which all sins were looked upon as extremely taboo and devil-influenced. Consciously or subconsciously, people still bore personal sins, and this harboring led to the rapid pace of accusations. By accusing others, feelings of self-morality were produced; villagers turned on villagers, and the Salem Trials went down in history as a dark time for everyone. Reputation and Guilt: Reputation is an extremely influential factor in every decision of The Crucible, but it often makes the decisions unbeneficial to everyone. Reverend Parris chooses to cover up his nieces deeds in regards to his reputation; however this decision only creates more speculation and gives Abigail more time to create a believable story. Danforths failure to admit wrongdoing due to his respectable record clearly leads to many unwarranted deaths, while Hales admittance makes him a respectable and honest character. Finally, John Proctors decision to reveal his affair in order to condemn Abigail ironically makes him the most upright character out of all the self-serving Puritans. 8. The Witch Trials: Although already important in itself, the witch trials generally represented the idea of unfair accusation, and raised the question on the validity of the accuser. It also represented the idea of an accuser getting the accused to speak the answer that he or she would want to here, no matter the technique. These questionable situations can be matched with the big issue at hand during the second red scare, McCarthyism. The United States Government, using little evidence, accused thousands of Americans of being communists, and Arthur Miller used the Salem Trials to represent the absurdity of these accusations. Foreign Objects (The Woods, Poppet, Titubas Ritual): Although completely different things, these three share a commonality: they are foreign to the Puritan beliefs. The woods represent the unknown, seemingly equaling the darkness of the devil. To Reverend Parris, the woods emphasize Titubas ritual as a satanic device, starting the whole ordeal of a witch craze. The poppet also represents a clash of beliefs, as it also represents a foreign concept to the Puritans. Ultimately used as evidence against Elizabeth, a seemingly harmless poppet harnesses deadly superstitions that almost earn Elizabeth a death sentence. Overall, these three concepts represent the Puritans fear of the unknown, and their rebranding of anything suspicious as devilish and superstitious. 9. Abigail: I have a sense for heat, John, and yours has drawn me to my window, and I have seen you looking up, burning in your loneliness. Do you tell me youve never looked up at my window? In The Crucible, heat and fire are strong images of the lustful relationship between Abigail and Proctor. In Act I, Abigail still wants their private relationship to go on, as she claims swears that she has â€Å"a sense for heat† and has seen John â€Å"burning up† in his loneliness. Basically, she still has a passion for him, and hopes to convince John that he still loves her. Later, the absence of heat in his own home describes his stiff relationship with Elizabeth. His house is described as low and dark, imagery that represents the cold affair that emotionally separates the two. Proctor: I have made a bell of my honor! I have run the doom of my good name you will believe me, Mr.Danforth! The metaphor of his honor becoming a bell is strangely true in regards to the Puritan village. Bells in a city are used to alarm citizens or remind them of an event; Proctors honor is doing exactly that. Ironically, Proctors show of honesty in revealing his affair is the first true act of a Puritan, ringing true throughout the court. However, the only sound that is actually heard in the court is his doom, since his originally suspicious character does not merit truthfulness. 10. A crucible is literally defined as a â€Å"container of metal or refractory material employed for heating substances to high temperatures,† or â€Å"a severe, searching test or trial.† These two definitions basically sum up the entire story; the whole book is literally a court trial, and symbolically a trial of villagers morality and practicality. Most fail the test by succumbing to false accusations (high temperatures), and subsequently shoving the blame onto someone else. However, this play really shines when we actually find a real â€Å"crucible†, representing John Proctor. Although he is hanged, he is understandably one of the only few that actually endures the flames and trials, and stays in our mind as a true crucible. 11. Style/Dialect: One important aspect Arthur Miller wanted to emphasize while writing this work is its realism. He wanted us to understand that this actually happened. By writing an entire play using the dialect spoken in the late 1690s, Miller is able to bring this play to life. Through the use of old style wording that includes real accounts from Salem documents, we can witness everything in a historically accurate recreation. Form of Narration: By choosing to recreate the Salem Trials through a play and not a novel, Arthur Miller allows us to fully view what really happened without keeping us in a detached state of mind. If one would watch the play, he or she would witness real dialogue and real actions; novels give us an enjoyment, but never allow us to feel the real fervor of the characters involved. In novels, the author decides what we watch. However in plays, the author gives us an entire scene and allows us to focus on specific parts, just like real life. 12. Elizabeth: He were not hanged. He would not answer aye or nay to his indictment; for if he denied the charge theyd hang him surely, and auction out his property. So he stand mute, and died Christian under the lawGreat stones they lay upon his chest†¦they say he give them but two words, â€Å"More weight,† he says. And died. (135) Proctor: No it is not the same! What others say and what I sign to is not the same! Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! (143) Proctor:Why, we have no fear of questions, sir. Hale: Good, then†¦ I note that you are rarely in the church on Sabbath Day. Proctor:Whats your suspicion, Mr. Hale? Hale: No, no, I have no Proctor: I nailed the roof upon the church, I hung the door a Hale: Oh, did you! Thats a good sign, then. (64, 66) From a general summary to chapter summaries to explanations of famous quotes, the SparkNotes

Why is Atticus defending Tom Robinson?

I, Atticus Finch, have decided to defend Tom Robinson against the beliefs of white southern culture. I realize in doing so that I am jumping out of the lines in which the white community has drawn so easily. They have put themselves in these lines to separate themselves from colored people in a way that makes them at a higher standard. I am defending Tom Robinson because I believe him to be an innocent man, he has the right to a fair trial even if he is colored, and he deserves justice. In taking this case, many people have changed their perspectives of me just because I am defending a colored man. Tom Robinson is a noble field hand. He has no reason for harm towards Mayella. I truly believe that his innocence is real. He is kind and helpful, even brave enough to continuously help Mayella on his walks home from work. Tom was not carrying out favors for Mayella for money, but just out of the kindness he possesses. Yet, this town sees Tom as a rapist because of his skin color. If this man was white, you would be able to understand and actually hear what I am saying about an innocent man. You cannot get passed his appearance to see his heart. I am able to see pass his color and find his person underneath his skin. I am choosing to step out of the lines because Tom Robinson did not rape Mayella Ewell. Tom Robinson has the right to have someone defend him who believes in him. I took this case because I want to defend him to my best ability. Every man has the right to a fair trial. No matter race or color. Bob Ewell can judge me for siding with a colored person. But I fight for justice, not for a so called â€Å"superior† race. This man should be innocent until proven guilty, not guilty until proven innocent. People put these perceptions that whites are superior to colored people just because there white. That is not a way people should view other people. Tom deserves a fair trial. Mayella tells this lie in court, why? She feels that because he is colored she will be able to blame him. Although Tom Robinson is colored he has the right to justice as much as a white man. He shouldn't be blamed for an act that he didn't commit because of the color of his skin. I want justice for this man. Notice how he is just a man. He isn't defined as a colored man in my eyes as he is to the white community. Tom Robinson is a man who is innocent and justice deserves to be given to this man, this human being. Many townspeople may not understand why I stand by a colored man, but I stand for justice even if that means stepping outside the lines that this white community has drawn around themselves. White people need to step off the pedestal that they have given to themselves and realize everyone deserves justice. Although people may not understand why I defend Tom Robinson, I choose to do because he deserves justice. No matter his skin color, he is a man who is innocent. I may have broken rules in the eyes of the white community, but I stand for justice and Tom is innocent. My actions are my own and I don't let racism waiver my beliefs. Colored or white, justice is a right to all.

The Unusual Secret of Toefl Integrated Essay Samples Score Samples

The Unusual Secret of Toefl Integrated Essay Samples Score Samples You are going to want to compose your essay in your words, anyway. The more information you'll be able to gather about the subject, the better prepared you'll be for writing your essay. Nonetheless, the topics will most likely be very similar overall. There are several good persuasive essay topics to select from. You have to read and listenbefore you begin writing. Speaking about your opinions will ensure it is a lot easier to write about them. Writing about a different topic is a simple way to receive a minimal score. Don't immediately begin writing. The reading and listening are connected via the detail they share. You ought to take notes while reading and listening so that you can remember the vital things you wish to write about. Below are a couple of the very best. The responses will be transmitted in and evaluated by four unique folks. The Toefl Integrated Essay Samples Score Samples Game Excellent notes will help you remember information. Attempt not to be worried if you don't remember very specific info. The more you know more about the directions, the more prepared you'll be. Honest, dedicated practice is a lot more useful and potent. Select your words carefully so that you're answering the specific question that's asked. Okay, which means you have identified the subject , claim and details. You don't have to have much specific knowledge on any topic to be successful. It is possible to also practice brainstorming or planning reasons even if it's the case that you don't compose a comprehensive reaction. The Hidden Treasure of Toefl Integrated Essay Samples Score Samples You may be requested to compose an essay about technology, education, media, family members, or another subject. There's a saying that books aren't the source of all learning. Participating in a group procedure can be extremely rewarding for members of the group. You've recently heard your community is to become home to a newly constructed restaurant. The Appeal of Toefl Integrated Essay Samples Score Samples Some people think that university students should be asked to attend classes. Many students have trouble thinking of particular examples, but it's a valuable part of great writing. Therefore, among the lowest scores students may receive is for missing the topic. Ther e are those who feel that it needs to be compulsory for students to attend college and university classes while some feel that students ought to have the option of attending or not attending. The Foolproof Toefl Integrated Essay Samples Score Samples Strategy The following two sections will explain the format and requirements of every one of the writing tasks in addition to how they'll be scored. To acquire the greatest scores, you are going to need three different, well-written reasons together with specific information. Thus, a computer recount in the event of a suspected error is impossible. A. Your overall score is 96. The aspirants will receive a call from the TOEFL participating institutes in keeping with their various scores. TOEFL raters study your capacity to create various kinds of sentences. Test takers will get individual scores for each section in addition to the general TOEFL result 2018. You've been requested to choose a person to show others how to do some undertaking. You might even lose points for focusing on your private opinion. You just need to understand the principal points. If you're feeling overwhelmed just don't forget that you're being tested on your capacity to comprehend and use the English language. When you're speaking you can't stop and consider the words you are likely to use, but when you're writing you can decide to use the vocabulary you're confident about. You should try and use your most advanced understanding of English here, but don't use words or phrases you aren't certain about. Name a number of the important qualities an individual should be a fantastic boss or supervisor. Whenever you do the writing task, you're the person who decides what things to include. You are going to have access to the reading passage as you do the writing task, which means you always have the option to look at it one more time while you're writing. Instead, you've got to think of your own subject from a huge pool of poss ibilities. There are a few ways that you can enhance your score by employing some basic strategies. Besides taking good notes, you will need to write five or more paragraphs that synthesize the principal points of the reading passage and lecture. Other folks believe that it is always preferable to have a teacher. The lecture follows the identical pattern, with the key points matching up with the principal points in the reading passage. After reading the passage, then you will listen to a lecture on the exact same topic.

U.s. Armys Strategic Communication - 1698 Words

Organizational Structure A major issue for the U.S. Army to execute strategic communication is that the functional areas delegated the task to execute the U.S. Army’s strategic communication program all have different primary missions. This organizational structure tends to produce strategic communications that are not integrated into a broad organizational objective, there leading to the potential of contradicting messages. Public affairs and civil affairs have the functional mission centered on delivering messages that â€Å"inform†. The mission of Army public affairs is to inform internal and external publics, and fulfill the Army’s obligation to keep the American people and the Army informed as established in Title 10, United States Code†¦show more content†¦While inform and influence cannot be meaningfully separated, truth and falsehood can. (Paul, 2011). Every action, utterance, message, depiction, and movement of a nation’s military forces influences the perce ptions and opinions of populations that witness them, both in the area of operations (first hand), and in the broader world (Paul, 2011). Another problem for the U.S. Army is that information operations, psychological operations, public affairs and civil affairs, defense support to public diplomacy (DSPD), military diplomacy, and visual information all fall under different command structures which are scattered throughout the U.S. Army’s formation. The fact that these functional areas are under different commands allows each element to create its own theme and messages. Paul (2011) claims that if every representative of the government says whatever they feel like saying, each becomes a potential loose cannon on the ship of communication. But, regardless of decentralization, full integration is possible. Along with the urgency to execute strategic communication, the U.S. Army is moving toward more conducive command structure for complex environments. The military is adapting a â€Å"mission command† philosophy. Mission command relies on the human ability to take action in a timely manner based on analy sis of the environment and what is necessary for the achievement of an assigned task or goal. For effective mission command to