Juvenile Delinquency The Basis Of Public Fear - 2219 Words

This essay will look at the way in which juvenile delinquency came into existence and became the basis of public fear. It will look at the way the concept of ‘childhood’ was developed and the way in which laws brought juvenile delinquency in to the media’s concern. In order to understand the way in which juvenile delinquency was legislated we need to understand the basis of juvenile delinquency which starts from the process of ‘childhood’. This concept of childhood was not in existence before the 17th century, there was also no concept of youth and adulthood, and therefore there was no social problem of ‘youth’s’. The perception that there was no concept of childhood was first introduced by the French scholar PHILIPPE ARIÈS in his†¦show more content†¦(Fionda, 2005) At this period, children were being exploited through tough child labour. The children were treated as miniature adults, they played a crucial role within the industrialization. However, there was no clear boundary between adulthood and childhood, in the pre-industrial period societies children worked together with adults in everyday life, they did not live in an isolated world or behave in a different way and were not treated to different understanding of morality. (Muncie, 2009, p.48).The way children lived in this era was no different in the way that adult life was lived, they were involved in drinking alcohol, physical – intensive working, gambling. In which today’s postmodern society would define as unsuitable and illegal way of living for children, In order to maintain their ‘innocence’ and morality’ (Empey, 1982, p.33). Late 18th century the concept of childhood was viewed as the loss of innocence and the attainment of adult abilities for evil actions and behaviour, therefore there was a need to protect the innocence of children. Hendricks identified this as the ‘Romantic Child’. Furthermore, there was a development of welfare approach and child welfare reform, which felt the need to protect children against the immorality of the world. The 1833 Factory Acts restricted that no child below the age of 9 was to be active in brutal working environments, children’s working hours cut down rapidly to ensure there they

The United States Education System - 951 Words

Every year, American teachers discover that the youth have a 5D relationship with their schools: dissatisfied, disengaged, disaffected, disrespectful, and disruptive. In this prolific source of educational substances, the paucity of satisfaction of the students and the predilections of the teachers militate in some measure against a just valuation being accorded to such researches. â€Å"Policy makers remain oblivious to the fact that ‘kids are not what they used to be,’† and in order to re-engage the young, serious research on everyday education needs to be expressed (p. 33). The U.S. education system needs to understand that ambiguity exists, and a rapid cycle of policy changes will stagnate their efforts to achieving cultural globalization. Often times, U.S. teachers try to blame the media for the faults of youth today, but they lack the understanding that their â€Å"tightly scripted systems of management, measurement, and marketing† push those same kids to seek liveliness elsewhere (p. 32). This cultural shift signifies a de-differentiation in which an effacement of the adult-child hierarchies puts more pressure on authority figures to continue trying to bend everyone into a common measure (p. 35). In Finland, however, they want everyone to be successful despite the market dogmas of society, and one way they do so is sanctioning academic and vocational schooling. This gives students a choice between two equitable options of education instead of forcing them down a one-wayShow MoreRelatedThe Education System Of The United States829 Words   |  4 PagesRecent surveys and articles state that Over 30% of kids in the United States never finish high school. For minority kids, it s over 50%.1. The public education s ystem in the United States seems to be failing to meet the needs of the children and thus affecting their future outcomes. The average quality of education in Elementary, Middle and High school that a child deserves, is far from superior. Given the growing competition in the world it is imperative to provide a solid educational foundationRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States1090 Words   |  5 Pages The education system in the United States is a problem. One problem is that many of the students attending school today live in poverty. Another problem with the education system is that the curriculums are not being altered to the skills needed in the world today. Furthermore, students are not allowed to use their individual learning styles in the classroom. The education system today has many flaws that are not being fixed. Many students in the education system are living in poverty. StudentsRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Need of Edification in schools The education system in the United Sates has a critical impact in our nation and how it’s shaped. Our system is constructed on trying to get our children ready for the working world, but while in school children are placed on a path that is adequate for them and convenient for the government. The government has established reforms to help guide students to become â€Å"successful† (modern reform The Common Core). Have these reforms done its job to help improve teachersRead MoreThe United States Education System1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States have long been held in high esteem by their peers for their higher education system’s ability to produce the best and brightest young adults that can impact the world. Students in our nation have a choice whether or not to attend prestigious higher-level institutions in order to educate themselves and prepare themselves for the job market. The U.S. has an outstanding reputation of educating students as well as ma king education available to everyone in the country. Whether it beRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States971 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent classes in the United States. As much as we want to believe that we live in an equal country, in reality we far from it. There are people barely hanging on to be able to eat enough and to find a place to sleep with other people on the other end of the spectrum who own multiple homes and waste enough food to feed many of the families on the opposite end of the spectrum. The thing that all of the classes have in common is the push for education and higher education specifically. There is aRead MoreThe United States Education System1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States education system is currently ranked 17th worldwide (â€Å"Global Grade†). According to the dictionary, education is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing o neself or others intellectually for mature life. In a survey conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, adults in the United States scored way below average, and better than only two of the twelve countriesRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States1174 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding the importance of education is like understanding life. They go directly hand and hand, because learning is apart of the daily life of a child, and is extremely essential in a child’s development. Children are introduced to the education system for the purpose to learn and thrive in todays society. The education system is used to set a model for children to become successful adults for American society to prosper. Rarely, do we think about school conditions and the stress pushed uponRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose of Education As a developed nation, the United States owes its success to the education system that has evolved with our nation. While at times conflict consumes our nation, tragedy occurs, and hardships arise we can rest assured that our elected officials and citizens are making intelligent decisions that uphold our values, rights, and liberty. These leaders have been elected to operate our democratic society which is propelled forward by education. Education serves as the single most importantRead MoreEducation System Of The United States1495 Words   |  6 Pages Equalizing education in the Nation The United States education system is ranked lower and lower every year. In a time where our children have to compete for jobs with children of the number one and number two countries on the most educated list, it seems that we can barely keep up. International tests show that American students are falling behind to countries such as Singapore, Canada, North Korea and Japan (Pearson, the learning curve). So how can we as a country that’s ranked to have 14thRead MoreThe United States Education System972 Words   |  4 Pageswould think that as a World Superpower the United States education system would be producing exceptionally high caliber young men and women to become contributing members of society upon graduation. However, in many ways, the opposite is shown to be the case, with declining test scores, with a 19% dropout rate among high school students, with a 41% drop out rate of college students, and 40% of the graduates unprepared to either continue their educations a t universities or become worthwhile members

Behavioral Management in the Developmentally Disabled Free Essays

This paper will dwell on the behavioral management for the developmentally challenged individual. This paper seeks to provide a general understanding on how the on how clients with developmental disabilities are improve with regard to their conditions. Therefore, the following will be discussed: †¢ The process of Occupational Therapist in modifying behavioral development of disabled person; †¢ Techniques employed to assist the developmentally challenged individual; †¢ Way used by the Occupational Therapist to help a disabled individual write; and †¢ Identify the techniques and tools used by the Occupational Therapist in behavioral management for developmentally challenged individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Management in the Developmentally Disabled or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, this paper will focus in two developmental disabilities that exist today in the society. More specifically these are autism and dyslexia. Functions of Occupational Therapist There are four functions of occupational therapists. First, they are ask to put into application the knowledge, skills and abilities they have acquired in their years of training in the academe for the benefit of enabling people to live normal lives and immerse themselves with the daily tasks (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). Second, is to assist, maintain, regain and enhance the independence of an individual who is ill, injured, disabled and psychologically impaired (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). Third, engage the relatives of the client and other people who are connected such as the caregiver (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). This can be achieved through comprehensive assessment and therapy with the goal of increasing the capacity of client to participate in daily activities (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). Lastly, to accordingly deal with the problems of the client by focusing on three things: ability to accomplish, undertakings of the client and the environment where the undertakings are performed (â€Å"A Definition of Occupational Therapy,† n. d. ). Meaning of Autism Autism, also classified as classical Autism is considered as the most prevalent condition amongst the family of Autism Spectrum Disorder or better known as ASD (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2006). One can discern Autism through the following symptoms: a) â€Å"impaired social interaction,† b) â€Å"problems with verbal and nonverbal communication,† and c) â€Å"unusual, repetitive, or severely limited activities and interests† (NINDS, 2006). In addition to this, the cluster of Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD includes other conditions. These are – a) â€Å"Asperger syndrome,† b) â€Å"Rett syndrome,† c) â€Å"childhood disintegrative disorder,† and d) â€Å"pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (usually referred to as PDD-NOS)† (NINDS, 2006). Statistics shows that in every 1000 children three to six will be affected by autism (NINDS, 2006) Furthermore, Men are four times more prone or at risk of acquiring such behavioral disorder like autism than women. (NINDS, 2006) Meaning of Dyslexia Dyslexia, pronounced as dis-lek-see-uh is a type of learning disorder that some of the children encounter that impairs their ability to read and spell (â€Å"Dyslexia,† n. d. ). What may seem C-A-T to normal people would appear A-C-T to dyslexic individuals. It is not a measure of whether a child is intelligent or not but is rather an impairment of the brain (â€Å"Dyslexia,† n. d. ). In fact, a number clever and gifted people are suffering from dyslexia (â€Å"Dyslexia,† n. d. ). In the United States, the condition is classified as a â€Å"specific learning disability† or as a â€Å"specific reading disability† by the related federal legal statutes that has special education in its scope (Allington, 2006) However, the main idea of all these explanations comprises the indeterminable hardships encountered by a dyslexic individual when it comes to reading. Moreover, there is no consensus with regard to the definition of the illness that causes the stakeholders confusion that renders them not to use the term (Allington, 2006). Behavioral Management and Techniques in Autism There are three behavioral management and techniques used by the occupational Therapist in able to develop and assist their clients that are suffering from Autism. These are all aimed at a holistic approach to treating the symptoms and addressing the difficulties that come with it. The three techniques are discussed in the next section. Educational/behavioral interventions Occupational Therapists use well reliable and thorough skill-oriented exercises in able to help their client enhance their language and social capabilities. Counseling the relatives and the family of the their client is better a technique to assist the entire clan deal with the specific obstacles and difficulties in taking care of the autistic client (NINDS, 2006). Medications Occupational therapist could as well seek for the help of a doctor. A medical doctor usually recommends an antidepressant prescription in able to deal with the symptoms of a) â€Å"anxiety,† b) â€Å"depression,† or â€Å"obsessive-compulsive disorder† (NINDS, 2006). In a sense, these Anti-psychotic medicines are helpful to lessen the burden brought about by the symptoms of behavioral disabilities (NINDS, 2006). Attacks, on the other hand, can be prevented with the administration of variety of doses anticonvulsant medicines (NINDS, 2006). Prescription of stimulant drug that is specifically given for the children suffering from the attention deficit disorder or better known as ADD is an effective technique used by the Occupational Therapists to cut down the incident impulsivity and hyperactivity (NINDS, 2006). Other therapies Controversies abound the therapies that are formulated to treat autistic children (NINDS, 2006). This has made the use such be attached with caution before these are adopted by the parents or guardians (NINDS, 2006). Furthermore, an insignificant number of these are backed up with thorough scientific research (NINDS, 2006). Writing for the developmentally disabled individual Therapeutic Sessions for autism With the aim of teaching the developmentally challenged person it is important to have focus and patience together with appropriate learning strategies that will help the disabled individual in writing and learning process. Likewise, it is necessary to conduct follow up sessions with the therapist and at home with the help of the parents and other relatives. Behavioral Management and Techniques in Dyslexia According to website article, a recent game was developed with the purpose of helping children and other individuals cope with the difficulty they suffer from reading (Briggs, 2001). In the study, a group of seven-year-old children served as the respondents of the study and this resulted to a positive outcome for the research on reading difficulties (Briggs, 2001). The game included activities that require the respondents to match certain shapes to particular sounds (Briggs, 2001). They are asked to press a space bar after a series of sequences and then they will be greeted with a smile (Briggs, 2001). This resulted in higher rates of accuracy and an increase in the speed of reading for the 24 children who are diagnosed to have dyslexia (Briggs, 2001). Conclusion The role of the occupational therapist is a four-fold task. This is aimed towards uplifting the condition of the client. It is the aim of the occupational therapist is to be able to address the needs of the client and the chance to fulfill their responsibilities. There are different ways by which the therapist could help the clients in making their lives better through these techniques. It has become a better way of making people live a fulfilling life. These are different techniques of writing such as video games. References A Definition of Occupational Therapy. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://steinhardt. nyu. edu/ot/definition Allington, R. (2006). â€Å"Dyslexia. † In Microsoft ® Student 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. Briggs, H. (2001). Computer game helps dyslexics. Retrieved July 05, 2008, from http://www. dyslexia-teacher. com/t113. html. Dyslexia. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://kidshealth. org/kid/health_problems/learning_problem/dyslexia. html National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS]. (2006). Autism Fact Sheet. Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://www. ninds. nih. gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism. htm How to cite Behavioral Management in the Developmentally Disabled, Essays